Jumshud Zulfuqarli was born on 30 January 1905. In 1913, he studied at a Russian-Tatar school. From 1918 to 1921 he got education in city and then in Rushdiyye schools in the city of Nakhchivan. In 1921-1922, he served as principal of a local secondary school in Sirab. In 1923-1924, he studied at the department of workers in Baku. In 1924, Jumshud Zulfuqarli entered  Higher Pedagogical Institute, Department of Nature, graduating in 1927. In 1927-1929, he headed the department of enlightenment in Jabrayil province and served as a teacher in secondary schools in the city of Fuzuli. In 1929-1930, he was an external student at the Pedagogical Department, Baku State University. In 1930-1932, Jumshud Zulfuqarli did postgraduate studies at Azerbaijan State Research and Pedagogical Institute. From 1932 to 1934, he was employed as deputy head of the methodological department at the Ministry of Defence. From 1934 to 1938, he served as deputy head of the Educational and Pedagogical Department, Azerneshr. In 1937, Jumshud Zulfuqarli defended a PhD thesis, and achieved a ScD degree in 1963. From 1942 to 1945, he participated in the WWII, where he was chief of chemical service unit and battalion chief. From 1945 to 1950, he headed the Analytical Laboratory, Oil Institute, Academy of Sciences. In 1951-1952, he served as dean of the Faculty of Chemistry, BSU.

Jumshud Zulfuqarli chaired BSU Department of Inorganic Chemistry from 1957 until his death. In 1960, Jumshud Zulfuqarli was made a professor of inorganic chemistry. In 1968, he was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences. In 1970, he was appointed deputy academic secretary at the Department of Chemical Sciences, Academy of Sciences. From 1974 until his death, he headed the laboratory of the Faculty of Chemistry, BSU.

His research interests laid in the distribution of microelements in oil, waters, soil, igneous and sedimentary rocks. Jumshud Zulfuqarli`s researches allowed to gain valuable information about the character, the joining and correlative relations of microelements in caustobioliths, formation waters and rocks. He published over 300 papers, including 50 articles on the history of chemistry. He supervised 14 PhD students to completion. Jumshud Zulfuqarli was the recipient of the title “Merited Scientist” and “Leading Enlightener” of the USSR and Azerbaijan SSR.