Agharafi Aghayev was born in 1911. In 1927, he entered  Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University, Faculty of Nature, graduating in 1931.

He served as a school principal until 1934. In 1934, he started his postgraduate study at Leningrad Pedagogical Institute named after Gertsen.

In 1938, he defended a PhD thesis, achieving a ScD in 1970. In 1938, Agharafi Aghayev began his career at Baku State University.

He worked as an associate professor at the Department of Inorganic Chemistry, which he headed from 1952 to 1957.

From 1947 to 1949, he taught at Azerbaijan State Medical Institute, and from 1954 to 1956 at Azerbaijan Polythechnical Institute. In 1972, he became a professor of inorganic chemistry. From 1971 to 1978, Agharafi Aghayev chaired the Department of Chemistry and Technology, BSU.

He published over 100 papers on physical and chemical qualities of balance systems of halogenide and Na, K, Mg sulfates.