Madat Isgandarov was born in 1909. In 1922, he entered  Ganja Arts Vocational School, graduating in 1927. He was dispatched to Lachin to serve as a teacher. The same year he entered  Agricultural Institute in Baku, and graduated in agronomy in 1932.

The same year he started his postgraduate studies at USSR Academy of Sciences (Leningrad). He completed his postgraduate studies in 1935, and achieved a PhD thesis on chemical sciences. From 1935 to 1937, he headed the Chemical Laboratory at Botanical Garden named after Nikitin in the city of Yalta. From 1937 to 1941, he chaired the Department of Organic Chemistry, BSU, and headed the Faculty of Chemistry. In 1941, Madat Isgandarov was exiled to Siberia for his political views. In 1956, he was acquitted, and returned to Baku. He first served as an associate professor at BSU Department of Organic Chemistry and then was appointed head of the newly-established Department of Chemistry of Higher Molecular Compounds.

In 1964, he obtained a ScD degree, and then became a professor.

From 1965 to 1967, he chaired the Department of Organic Chemistry and Faculty of Chemical Technology, Tyumen Industrial Institute. In 1967-1968, he chaired the Department of Chemistry, Ivano-Frankovsk Institute of Oil and Gas. In 1968, he became laboratory head at the Institute of Polymer Materials of the Academy of Sciences, a post he held until his death.

His research interests laid in the production of polyethers through polycondensation and their physical and chemical qualities. Madat Isgandarov published 60 papers, and was the holder of five authorship certificates.

He supervised two PhD students to completion.